My First Java Game Ep 6: RPG Quest Part 2

👹

The Monster Class

Reuse the Hero pattern for goblins, wolves and slimes

Active

🎯

Goal for this step

Create a Monster class and a factory method that builds different enemy types.

1Continue in your Part 1 project, everything builds on it.
2Monster looks like a mini Hero: name, hp, maxHp, attack, plus xpReward and goldReward.
3Add a static Monster create(String type) factory: "slime" is weak, "wolf" is medium, "goblin" hits hard.
4Notice how similar Monster and Hero are, spotting shared patterns is a real developer skill (Part 3 will exploit it).

Monster.java

public class Monster {
    String name;
    int hp, maxHp, attack, xpReward, goldReward;

    public Monster(String name, int hp, int attack, int xp, int gold) {
        this.name = name; this.maxHp = hp; this.hp = hp;
        this.attack = attack; this.xpReward = xp; this.goldReward = gold;
    }

    public static Monster create(String type) {
        switch (type) {
            case "slime":  return new Monster("Slime", 12, 3, 8, 5);
            case "wolf":   return new Monster("Wolf", 20, 5, 15, 12);
            case "goblin": return new Monster("Goblin", 28, 7, 25, 20);
        }
        return create("slime");
    }

    public void takeDamage(int amount) { hp = Math.max(0, hp - amount); }
    public boolean isAlive() { return hp > 0; }
}public class Monster {
    String name;
    int hp, maxHp, attack, xpReward, goldReward;

    public Monster(String name, int hp, int attack, int xp, int gold) {
        this.name = name; this.maxHp = hp; this.hp = hp;
        this.attack = attack; this.xpReward = xp; this.goldReward = gold;
    }

    public static Monster create(String type) {
        switch (type) {
            case "slime":  return new Monster("Slime", 12, 3, 8, 5);
            case "wolf":   return new Monster("Wolf", 20, 5, 15, 12);
            case "goblin": return new Monster("Goblin", 28, 7, 25, 20);
        }
        return create("slime");
    }

    public void takeDamage(int amount) { hp = Math.max(0, hp - amount); }
    public boolean isAlive() { return hp > 0; }
}

📦 The base template (continues your Part 1 RPG)

Part 2 continues your Part 1 project (Hero, Item, GamePanel, the tile world). If you need the base Swing template again it is here; otherwise open your Part 1 files and keep building.

Main.java

// The starting template every game in this series uses.
// Save as Main.java, then run:  javac Main.java   and   java Main
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("My Java Game");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.add(new GamePanel());
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

class GamePanel extends JPanel implements ActionListener {
    Timer timer = new Timer(16, this);         // ~60 FPS
    public GamePanel() {
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 560));
        setBackground(new Color(25, 30, 60));   // night sky
        timer.start();
    }
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        update();                               // move everything
        repaint();                              // then draw everything
    }
    void update() { /* movement goes here */ }
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        // drawing goes here
    }
}// The starting template every game in this series uses.
// Save as Main.java, then run:  javac Main.java   and   java Main
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("My Java Game");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.add(new GamePanel());
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

class GamePanel extends JPanel implements ActionListener {
    Timer timer = new Timer(16, this);         // ~60 FPS
    public GamePanel() {
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 560));
        setBackground(new Color(25, 30, 60));   // night sky
        timer.start();
    }
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        update();                               // move everything
        repaint();                              // then draw everything
    }
    void update() { /* movement goes here */ }
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        // drawing goes here
    }
}

✏️

Fill in the Blanks

+15 XP

Monster.create("wolf") is a factory method, we call it on the class itself without using outside. Each monster carries an xpReward and a for when it is defeated.

🧠

Knowledge Check

+15 XP

What is handy about the create(type) factory pattern?

AIt is the only way to make objects

BAll monster stats live in ONE place, balancing the game means editing one method

CStatic methods run faster

🎲

Random Encounters

Each step in the wild might start a battle

Locked

🎯

Goal for this step

Trigger battles as the hero explores, with smart odds that feel fair.

1Add game state to GamePanel: String state = "EXPLORE"; and a Monster foe; field.
2After every successful step onto grass, roll the dice: Math.random() < 0.15 → 15% encounter chance.
3On an encounter: pick a random monster type (slimes common, goblins rare), set state = "BATTLE".
4While state is "BATTLE", arrow keys must NOT move the hero, the state check does that.
5Fairness trick: guarantee 3 safe steps after each battle with a small safeSteps counter.

GamePanel.java

    String state = "EXPLORE";
    Monster foe;
    int safeSteps = 0;

    // after a successful move in keyPressed:
    if (state.equals("EXPLORE") && map[heroRow][heroCol] == 0) {
        if (safeSteps > 0) safeSteps--;
        else if (Math.random() < 0.15) {
            double roll = Math.random();
            String type = roll < 0.5 ? "slime"
                        : roll < 0.85 ? "wolf" : "goblin";
            foe = Monster.create(type);
            state = "BATTLE";
        }
    }    String state = "EXPLORE";
    Monster foe;
    int safeSteps = 0;

    // after a successful move in keyPressed:
    if (state.equals("EXPLORE") && map[heroRow][heroCol] == 0) {
        if (safeSteps > 0) safeSteps--;
        else if (Math.random() < 0.15) {
            double roll = Math.random();
            String type = roll < 0.5 ? "slime"
                        : roll < 0.85 ? "wolf" : "goblin";
            foe = Monster.create(type);
            state = "BATTLE";
        }
    }

⌨️

Code Challenge

+20 XP

Set the encounter odds: 50% slime, 35% wolf, 15% goblin.

GamePanel.java

String type = roll < String type = roll <  ? "slime"
            : roll <  ? "slime"
            : roll <  ? "wolf" : "goblin"; ? "wolf" : "goblin";

💡 Hint: roll is between 0 and 1. Slime claims the first half; wolf claims up to 0.85 (0.5 + 0.35); goblin gets the rest.

🧠

Knowledge Check

+15 XP

Why guarantee a few safe steps after each battle?

AMonsters need time to respawn

BBack-to-back random battles feel unfair and exhausting, pacing is part of game design

CJava random needs to reset

⚔️

The Battle Screen

Draw the combat UI: two fighters, HP bars, action menu

Locked

🎯

Goal for this step

When a battle starts, replace the map with a proper battle screen.

1In paintComponent: if state is "BATTLE", draw the battle screen INSTEAD of the map, dark backdrop, hero bottom-left, monster top-right.
2Both fighters get name + HP bar (you wrote that bar code in Part 1, reuse it!).
3Action menu along the bottom: [A]ttack [D]efend [P]otion [F]lee.
4Add a String battleLog, one line describing what just happened ("Wolf bites you for 5!"). Draw it centre-screen.
5No logic yet, just the visuals, next step brings it to life.

GamePanel.java (paintComponent)

    if (state.equals("BATTLE")) {
        g.setColor(new Color(20, 12, 28));
        g.fillRect(0, 0, 700, 560);

        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 22));
        g.drawString(hero.getName(), 60, 380);
        g.drawString(foe.name, 470, 140);

        drawBar(g, 60, 392, hero.getHp(), hero.getMaxHp());
        drawBar(g, 470, 152, foe.hp, foe.maxHp);

        g.drawString(battleLog, 60, 280);
        g.drawString("[A]ttack   [D]efend   [P]otion   [F]lee", 60, 500);
        return;   // skip drawing the map
    }

    void drawBar(Graphics g, int x, int y, int val, int max) {
        g.setColor(Color.RED);           g.fillRect(x, y, 150, 14);
        g.setColor(new Color(6,214,160)); g.fillRect(x, y, 150 * val / max, 14);
    }    if (state.equals("BATTLE")) {
        g.setColor(new Color(20, 12, 28));
        g.fillRect(0, 0, 700, 560);

        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 22));
        g.drawString(hero.getName(), 60, 380);
        g.drawString(foe.name, 470, 140);

        drawBar(g, 60, 392, hero.getHp(), hero.getMaxHp());
        drawBar(g, 470, 152, foe.hp, foe.maxHp);

        g.drawString(battleLog, 60, 280);
        g.drawString("[A]ttack   [D]efend   [P]otion   [F]lee", 60, 500);
        return;   // skip drawing the map
    }

    void drawBar(Graphics g, int x, int y, int val, int max) {
        g.setColor(Color.RED);           g.fillRect(x, y, 150, 14);
        g.setColor(new Color(6,214,160)); g.fillRect(x, y, 150 * val / max, 14);
    }

✏️

Fill in the Blanks

+15 XP

We reused the HP bar by pulling it into a method called . The early stops the map being drawn under the battle screen.

🧠

Knowledge Check

+15 XP

The battle screen and map are both drawn by paintComponent. What chooses between them?

AThe Timer speed

BThe state variable, one screen per state, checked at the top

CThe window size

🛡️

Turn Logic: Attack, Defend, Flee

You act, then the monster acts, the full turn cycle

Locked

🎯

Goal for this step

Implement the complete turn: player action, then the monster hits back.

1In keyPressed, when state is "BATTLE": A attacks (damage = hero attack ± a little randomness), D defends, P uses a potion, F tries to flee (60% chance).
2Damage variance keeps it spicy: hero.getAttack() + (int)(Math.random()*4) - 1 → attack-1 up to attack+2.
3After YOUR action, if the foe still lives, it strikes back, defending halves that hit.
4Update battleLog after both actions so the player can follow the fight.
5If hero HP hits 0 → state = "GAME_OVER". Fleeing successfully → back to "EXPLORE" with safeSteps = 3.

GamePanel.java

    boolean defending = false;

    void battleAction(char key) {
        defending = false;
        if (key == 'a') {
            int dmg = hero.getAttack() + (int)(Math.random()*4) - 1;
            foe.takeDamage(dmg);
            battleLog = "You hit " + foe.name + " for " + dmg + "!";
        } else if (key == 'd') {
            defending = true;
            battleLog = "You brace behind your shield.";
        } else if (key == 'p') {
            battleLog = hero.useItem("Potion") ? "Glug! Potion heals 12." : "No potions left!";
        } else if (key == 'f') {
            if (Math.random() < 0.6) { state = "EXPLORE"; safeSteps = 3;
                battleLog = ""; return; }
            battleLog = "Could not escape!";
        } else return;

        if (foe.isAlive()) {
            int dmg = foe.attack + (int)(Math.random()*3);
            if (defending) dmg /= 2;
            hero.takeDamage(dmg);
            battleLog += "  " + foe.name + " hits for " + dmg + "!";
            if (!hero.isAlive()) state = "GAME_OVER";
        }
    }    boolean defending = false;

    void battleAction(char key) {
        defending = false;
        if (key == 'a') {
            int dmg = hero.getAttack() + (int)(Math.random()*4) - 1;
            foe.takeDamage(dmg);
            battleLog = "You hit " + foe.name + " for " + dmg + "!";
        } else if (key == 'd') {
            defending = true;
            battleLog = "You brace behind your shield.";
        } else if (key == 'p') {
            battleLog = hero.useItem("Potion") ? "Glug! Potion heals 12." : "No potions left!";
        } else if (key == 'f') {
            if (Math.random() < 0.6) { state = "EXPLORE"; safeSteps = 3;
                battleLog = ""; return; }
            battleLog = "Could not escape!";
        } else return;

        if (foe.isAlive()) {
            int dmg = foe.attack + (int)(Math.random()*3);
            if (defending) dmg /= 2;
            hero.takeDamage(dmg);
            battleLog += "  " + foe.name + " hits for " + dmg + "!";
            if (!hero.isAlive()) state = "GAME_OVER";
        }
    }

⌨️

Code Challenge

+20 XP

Make defending halve the monster’s counter-attack:

GamePanel.java

int dmg = foe.attack + (int)(Math.random()*3);
if (int dmg = foe.attack + (int)(Math.random()*3);
if () dmg ) dmg  2;
hero.takeDamage(dmg); 2;
hero.takeDamage(dmg);

💡 Hint: Check the boolean set by the D action; integer divide-and-assign halves the value.

🧠

Knowledge Check

+15 XP

Why does the monster only counter-attack if (foe.isAlive())?

ADead monsters hitting you back would be absurd, always check state after dealing damage

BIt saves memory

CisAlive() heals the monster

✨

Victory, XP & Level-Ups

Win the fight, claim rewards, grow stronger

Locked

🎯

Goal for this step

Reward victory with XP and gold, and level the hero up at thresholds.

1After your attack, if !foe.isAlive(): victory! Add foe.xpReward and foe.goldReward to the hero, log it, return to EXPLORE.
2Give Hero a gainXp(int) method: add XP, and while XP ≥ level*25, subtract that cost, level++, maxHp += 6, attack += 2, and refill HP.
3A full heal on level-up feels GREAT, reward the grind.
4Show level and XP progress in the HUD: Lv 3 · XP 12/75.
5Balance check: a slime should take ~3 hits at level 1 and 1-2 at level 3. Feel the power curve!

Hero.java

    public void gainXp(int amount) {
        xp += amount;
        while (xp >= level * 25) {
            xp -= level * 25;
            level++;
            maxHp += 6;
            attack += 2;
            hp = maxHp;          // level-up full heal!
        }
    }
    public int getLevel() { return level; }
    public void addGold(int g) { gold += g; }    public void gainXp(int amount) {
        xp += amount;
        while (xp >= level * 25) {
            xp -= level * 25;
            level++;
            maxHp += 6;
            attack += 2;
            hp = maxHp;          // level-up full heal!
        }
    }
    public int getLevel() { return level; }
    public void addGold(int g) { gold += g; }

✏️

Fill in the Blanks

+15 XP

Levelling costs level × XP. On level-up the hero gains 6 max HP, attack, and is healed to .

🧠

Knowledge Check

+15 XP

Why is gainXp a while loop, not an if?

AWhile loops are safer

BA huge XP reward (like a boss) might grant several level-ups at once

Cif statements cannot change fields

💀

Defeat, Respawn & Balance Pass

Game over screen, respawning, and tuning the numbers

Locked

🎯

Goal for this step

Handle losing gracefully and tune combat until it feels fair but tense.

1GAME_OVER state: dark screen, "YOU FELL…", stats reached, and [R] Try Again.
2On R: respawn at the start tile with half max HP and half gold (a sting, not a wipe) and state = "EXPLORE".
3Balance testing is a real job, check: Can you survive 3 slimes in a row at level 1? Does a goblin feel scary but beatable at level 2?
4Tune: encounter rate (0.15), potion power (12), defend halving, flee odds (0.6). Small numbers, huge feel changes.
5Part 2 done! Your world is alive and dangerous. Part 3: NPCs, a quest, and the Dragon boss finale.

GamePanel.java

    if (state.equals("GAME_OVER") && e.getKeyChar() == 'r') {
        heroRow = 1; heroCol = 1;
        hero.heal(hero.getMaxHp() / 2);      // half HP respawn
        state = "EXPLORE";
        safeSteps = 5;
    }    if (state.equals("GAME_OVER") && e.getKeyChar() == 'r') {
        heroRow = 1; heroCol = 1;
        hero.heal(hero.getMaxHp() / 2);      // half HP respawn
        state = "EXPLORE";
        safeSteps = 5;
    }

💡

Losing should cost something, but never everything. Players quit games that wipe them, and quit games with no danger. Sit in between.

⌨️

Code Challenge

+20 XP

Give the fallen hero a fair respawn:

GamePanel.java

heroRow = 1; heroCol = heroRow = 1; heroCol = ;             // back to the start
hero.heal(hero.getMaxHp() / ;             // back to the start
hero.heal(hero.getMaxHp() / );       // half health
safeSteps = );       // half health
safeSteps = ;                        // breathing room;                        // breathing room

💡 Hint: Start tile was (1,1). Respawn at half of max HP, with five guaranteed-safe steps.

🧠

Knowledge Check

+15 XP

Which is the best-designed death penalty for this game?

ADelete the save file

BRespawn at start with half HP/gold, losing stings but you keep your levels and continue

CNothing happens at all

✅ See the complete RPG (the full game you finish by end of Part 3)

Part 2 adds the Monster class, random encounters and the turn-based battle screen. This is the full three-part RPG it all leads to , combat, a quest and a dragon boss, all in one runnable Main.javaMain.java. Run javac Main.java && java Mainjavac Main.java && java Main. Compare your battle logic against this.

Main.java

// Complete Java RPG (the full game you finish by the end of Part 3).
// All classes are in one file so it runs with:  javac Main.java  then  java Main
// In the workshops you split Hero, Item and Monster into their own files, which also works.
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("RPG Quest");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.add(new GamePanel());
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

class Item {
    String name, type;
    int power;
    public Item(String name, String type, int power) {
        this.name = name; this.type = type; this.power = power;
    }
}

class Hero {
    private String name;
    private int maxHp = 30, hp = 30, attack = 5, gold = 0, xp = 0, level = 1;
    private List<Item> inventory = new ArrayList<>();

    public Hero(String name) { this.name = name; }

    public void takeDamage(int amount) { hp = Math.max(0, hp - amount); }
    public void heal(int amount)       { hp = Math.min(maxHp, hp + amount); }
    public boolean isAlive()           { return hp > 0; }

    public void pickUp(Item item) { inventory.add(item); }
    public boolean hasItem(String itemName) {
        for (Item it : inventory) if (it.name.equals(itemName)) return true;
        return false;
    }
    public boolean useItem(String itemName) {
        for (Item it : inventory) {
            if (it.name.equals(itemName)) {
                if (it.type.equals("potion")) heal(it.power);
                if (it.type.equals("weapon")) attack += it.power;
                inventory.remove(it);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    public void gainXp(int amount) {
        xp += amount;
        while (xp >= level * 20) {          // level up
            xp -= level * 20;
            level++; maxHp += 10; hp = maxHp; attack += 2;
        }
    }
    public void addGold(int amount) { gold += amount; }

    public String getName() { return name; }
    public int getHp()      { return hp; }
    public int getMaxHp()   { return maxHp; }
    public int getAttack()  { return attack; }
    public int getGold()    { return gold; }
    public int getLevel()   { return level; }
    public int inventorySize() { return inventory.size(); }
}

class Monster {
    String name;
    int hp, maxHp, attack, xpReward, goldReward;
    public Monster(String name, int hp, int attack, int xp, int gold) {
        this.name = name; this.maxHp = hp; this.hp = hp;
        this.attack = attack; this.xpReward = xp; this.goldReward = gold;
    }
    public static Monster create(String type) {
        switch (type) {
            case "slime":  return new Monster("Slime", 12, 3, 8, 5);
            case "wolf":   return new Monster("Wolf", 20, 5, 15, 12);
            case "goblin": return new Monster("Goblin", 28, 7, 25, 20);
            case "dragon": return new Monster("Dragon", 80, 9, 100, 150);
            default:       return new Monster("Slime", 12, 3, 8, 5);
        }
    }
    public void takeDamage(int amount) { hp = Math.max(0, hp - amount); }
    public boolean isAlive() { return hp > 0; }
}

class GamePanel extends JPanel implements ActionListener, KeyListener {
    Timer timer = new Timer(16, this);
    int TILE = 40;

    // 0 grass, 1 wall, 2 water, 3 chest, 4 NPC, 5 gate, 6 dragon lair
    int[][] map = {
        {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,1},
        {1,0,0,4,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,3,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,1},
        {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,6,1},
        {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}
    };

    Hero hero = new Hero("Aria");
    int heroRow = 1, heroCol = 1;
    int npcRow = 2, npcCol = 3;

    String state = "EXPLORE";       // EXPLORE / BATTLE / DIALOGUE / WIN / GAMEOVER
    Monster foe;
    boolean isDragon = false, defending = false;
    int safeSteps = 3;
    String battleLog = "";

    int dialogueLine = 0;
    boolean questActive = false, keyGranted = false;
    int goblinsSlain = 0;

    public GamePanel() {
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 560));
        setBackground(new Color(20, 24, 30));
        addKeyListener(this);
        setFocusable(true);
        timer.start();
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { repaint(); }   // turn-based: redraw only

    boolean walkable(int r, int c) {
        if (r < 0 || r >= map.length || c < 0 || c >= map[0].length) return false;
        int t = map[r][c];
        if (t == 5) return hero.hasItem("Dragon Key");          // gate needs the key
        return t == 0 || t == 3 || t == 6;                      // grass, chest, dragon lair
    }

    boolean nextToNpc() {
        return Math.abs(heroRow - npcRow) + Math.abs(heroCol - npcCol) == 1;
    }

    String[] elderLines() {
        if (!questActive)      return new String[]{
            "Elder: Aria... the Dragon stirs in the north-east.",
            "Elder: Slay 3 goblins to prove yourself, then seek me again." };
        if (goblinsSlain < 3)  return new String[]{
            "Elder: The goblins still roam. " + goblinsSlain + " of 3 felled." };
        return new String[]{
            "Elder: You are ready. Take this Dragon Key.",
            "Elder: The gate in the north-east awaits. Good luck, hero." };
    }

    void tryMove(int dr, int dc) {
        int r = heroRow + dr, c = heroCol + dc;
        if (!walkable(r, c)) return;

        if (map[r][c] == 5) { hero.useItem("Dragon Key"); map[r][c] = 0; battleLog = "The gate grinds open..."; }
        heroRow = r; heroCol = c;

        if (map[r][c] == 3) { hero.pickUp(new Item("Potion", "potion", 12)); hero.addGold(25); map[r][c] = 0; }

        if (map[r][c] == 6) {                    // stepped into the lair
            foe = Monster.create("dragon"); isDragon = true; defending = false;
            battleLog = "The Dragon roars!"; state = "BATTLE"; return;
        }

        // random encounter on grass
        if (map[r][c] == 0) {
            if (safeSteps > 0) safeSteps--;
            else if (Math.random() < 0.18) {
                double roll = Math.random();
                String type = roll < 0.55 ? "slime" : (roll < 0.85 ? "wolf" : "goblin");
                foe = Monster.create(type); isDragon = false; defending = false;
                battleLog = "A wild " + foe.name + " appears!";
                state = "BATTLE";
            }
        }
    }

    void doBattle(char a) {
        boolean acted = true;
        if (a == 'a') {
            int dmg = hero.getAttack();
            foe.takeDamage(dmg);
            battleLog = hero.getName() + " hits " + foe.name + " for " + dmg + "!";
        } else if (a == 'd') {
            defending = true;
            battleLog = hero.getName() + " braces for the blow.";
        } else if (a == 'p') {
            battleLog = hero.useItem("Potion") ? "Aria drinks a Potion!" : "No potions left!";
        } else if (a == 'f') {
            if (isDragon) { battleLog = "The Dragon blocks your escape!"; }
            else { state = "EXPLORE"; safeSteps = 6; battleLog = "You fled to safety."; return; }
        } else { acted = false; }
        if (!acted) return;

        if (!foe.isAlive()) {                    // monster defeated
            hero.gainXp(foe.xpReward);
            hero.addGold(foe.goldReward);
            if (isDragon) { state = "WIN"; return; }
            if (questActive && foe.name.equals("Goblin")) goblinsSlain++;
            state = "EXPLORE"; safeSteps = 4;
            return;
        }

        int dmg = foe.attack;                    // monster retaliates
        if (defending) { dmg = dmg / 2; defending = false; }
        hero.takeDamage(dmg);
        battleLog += "  " + foe.name + " hits back for " + dmg + "!";
        if (!hero.isAlive()) state = "GAME_OVER";
    }

    void restart() {
        // rebuild everything for a fresh run
        map[1][15] = 3; map[6][8] = 3; map[11][14] = 5; map[12][15] = 6;
        hero = new Hero("Aria");
        heroRow = 1; heroCol = 1; state = "EXPLORE"; safeSteps = 3;
        questActive = false; keyGranted = false; goblinsSlain = 0; dialogueLine = 0;
        battleLog = "";
    }

    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int k = e.getKeyCode();
        char ch = Character.toLowerCase(e.getKeyChar());

        if (state.equals("WIN") || state.equals("GAME_OVER")) {
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_R) { restart(); repaint(); }
            return;
        }
        if (state.equals("DIALOGUE")) {
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_E || k == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
                dialogueLine++;
                String[] lines = elderLines();
                if (dialogueLine >= lines.length) {
                    if (!questActive) questActive = true;
                    else if (goblinsSlain >= 3 && !keyGranted) {
                        hero.pickUp(new Item("Dragon Key", "key", 0));
                        keyGranted = true;
                    }
                    state = "EXPLORE";
                }
            }
            repaint(); return;
        }
        if (state.equals("BATTLE")) {
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_A) doBattle('a');
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_D) doBattle('d');
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_P) doBattle('p');
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_F) doBattle('f');
            repaint(); return;
        }
        // EXPLORE
        if (ch == 'e' && nextToNpc()) { state = "DIALOGUE"; dialogueLine = 0; repaint(); return; }
        if (k == KeyEvent.VK_UP)    tryMove(-1, 0);
        if (k == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN)  tryMove(1, 0);
        if (k == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT)  tryMove(0, -1);
        if (k == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) tryMove(0, 1);
        repaint();
    }
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {}
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {}

    void drawBar(Graphics g, int x, int y, int val, int max) {
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.fillRect(x, y, 120, 14);
        g.setColor(new Color(6, 214, 160));
        g.fillRect(x, y, Math.max(0, 120 * val / max), 14);
    }

    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 18));

        if (state.equals("BATTLE")) {
            g.setColor(new Color(20, 12, 28));
            g.fillRect(0, 0, 700, 560);
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 22));
            g.drawString(hero.getName(), 60, 380);
            g.drawString(foe.name, 470, 140);
            drawBar(g, 60, 392, hero.getHp(), hero.getMaxHp());
            drawBar(g, 470, 152, foe.hp, foe.maxHp);
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 18));
            g.drawString(battleLog, 60, 280);
            g.drawString("[A]ttack   [D]efend   [P]otion   [F]lee", 60, 500);
            return;
        }

        if (state.equals("DIALOGUE")) {
            drawWorld(g);
            g.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 200));
            g.fillRect(40, 420, 620, 110);
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            String[] lines = elderLines();
            g.drawString(lines[Math.min(dialogueLine, lines.length - 1)], 60, 470);
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 14));
            g.drawString("Press E to continue", 60, 510);
            return;
        }

        drawWorld(g);

        if (state.equals("WIN") || state.equals("GAME_OVER")) {
            g.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 190));
            g.fillRect(0, 0, 700, 560);
            g.setColor(state.equals("WIN") ? new Color(255, 209, 102) : new Color(248, 113, 113));
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 46));
            g.drawString(state.equals("WIN") ? "THE REALM IS SAVED!" : "YOU HAVE FALLEN", 90, 270);
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 18));
            g.drawString("Press R to play again", 260, 310);
        }
    }

    void drawWorld(Graphics g) {
        for (int r = 0; r < map.length; r++)
            for (int c = 0; c < map[0].length; c++) {
                switch (map[r][c]) {
                    case 0 -> g.setColor(new Color(52, 120, 62));
                    case 1 -> g.setColor(new Color(90, 90, 100));
                    case 2 -> g.setColor(new Color(50, 90, 180));
                    case 3 -> g.setColor(new Color(212, 175, 55));
                    case 4 -> g.setColor(new Color(167, 139, 250));
                    case 5 -> g.setColor(new Color(120, 80, 40));
                    case 6 -> g.setColor(new Color(180, 40, 40));
                }
                g.fillRect(c * TILE, r * TILE, TILE, TILE);
            }
        // hero
        g.setColor(new Color(230, 70, 60));
        g.fillRect(heroCol * TILE + 6, heroRow * TILE + 6, TILE - 12, TILE - 12);

        // HUD strip
        g.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 170));
        g.fillRect(0, 0, 700, 34);
        drawBar(g, 90, 10, hero.getHp(), hero.getMaxHp());
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 16));
        g.drawString(hero.getName(), 12, 24);
        g.drawString("Lv" + hero.getLevel() + "  Gold " + hero.getGold()
                + "  Goblins " + goblinsSlain + "/3", 230, 24);
    }
}// Complete Java RPG (the full game you finish by the end of Part 3).
// All classes are in one file so it runs with:  javac Main.java  then  java Main
// In the workshops you split Hero, Item and Monster into their own files, which also works.
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame("RPG Quest");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.add(new GamePanel());
        frame.pack();
        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

class Item {
    String name, type;
    int power;
    public Item(String name, String type, int power) {
        this.name = name; this.type = type; this.power = power;
    }
}

class Hero {
    private String name;
    private int maxHp = 30, hp = 30, attack = 5, gold = 0, xp = 0, level = 1;
    private List<Item> inventory = new ArrayList<>();

    public Hero(String name) { this.name = name; }

    public void takeDamage(int amount) { hp = Math.max(0, hp - amount); }
    public void heal(int amount)       { hp = Math.min(maxHp, hp + amount); }
    public boolean isAlive()           { return hp > 0; }

    public void pickUp(Item item) { inventory.add(item); }
    public boolean hasItem(String itemName) {
        for (Item it : inventory) if (it.name.equals(itemName)) return true;
        return false;
    }
    public boolean useItem(String itemName) {
        for (Item it : inventory) {
            if (it.name.equals(itemName)) {
                if (it.type.equals("potion")) heal(it.power);
                if (it.type.equals("weapon")) attack += it.power;
                inventory.remove(it);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    public void gainXp(int amount) {
        xp += amount;
        while (xp >= level * 20) {          // level up
            xp -= level * 20;
            level++; maxHp += 10; hp = maxHp; attack += 2;
        }
    }
    public void addGold(int amount) { gold += amount; }

    public String getName() { return name; }
    public int getHp()      { return hp; }
    public int getMaxHp()   { return maxHp; }
    public int getAttack()  { return attack; }
    public int getGold()    { return gold; }
    public int getLevel()   { return level; }
    public int inventorySize() { return inventory.size(); }
}

class Monster {
    String name;
    int hp, maxHp, attack, xpReward, goldReward;
    public Monster(String name, int hp, int attack, int xp, int gold) {
        this.name = name; this.maxHp = hp; this.hp = hp;
        this.attack = attack; this.xpReward = xp; this.goldReward = gold;
    }
    public static Monster create(String type) {
        switch (type) {
            case "slime":  return new Monster("Slime", 12, 3, 8, 5);
            case "wolf":   return new Monster("Wolf", 20, 5, 15, 12);
            case "goblin": return new Monster("Goblin", 28, 7, 25, 20);
            case "dragon": return new Monster("Dragon", 80, 9, 100, 150);
            default:       return new Monster("Slime", 12, 3, 8, 5);
        }
    }
    public void takeDamage(int amount) { hp = Math.max(0, hp - amount); }
    public boolean isAlive() { return hp > 0; }
}

class GamePanel extends JPanel implements ActionListener, KeyListener {
    Timer timer = new Timer(16, this);
    int TILE = 40;

    // 0 grass, 1 wall, 2 water, 3 chest, 4 NPC, 5 gate, 6 dragon lair
    int[][] map = {
        {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,1},
        {1,0,0,4,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,3,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
        {1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
        {1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,1},
        {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,6,1},
        {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}
    };

    Hero hero = new Hero("Aria");
    int heroRow = 1, heroCol = 1;
    int npcRow = 2, npcCol = 3;

    String state = "EXPLORE";       // EXPLORE / BATTLE / DIALOGUE / WIN / GAMEOVER
    Monster foe;
    boolean isDragon = false, defending = false;
    int safeSteps = 3;
    String battleLog = "";

    int dialogueLine = 0;
    boolean questActive = false, keyGranted = false;
    int goblinsSlain = 0;

    public GamePanel() {
        setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 560));
        setBackground(new Color(20, 24, 30));
        addKeyListener(this);
        setFocusable(true);
        timer.start();
    }

    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { repaint(); }   // turn-based: redraw only

    boolean walkable(int r, int c) {
        if (r < 0 || r >= map.length || c < 0 || c >= map[0].length) return false;
        int t = map[r][c];
        if (t == 5) return hero.hasItem("Dragon Key");          // gate needs the key
        return t == 0 || t == 3 || t == 6;                      // grass, chest, dragon lair
    }

    boolean nextToNpc() {
        return Math.abs(heroRow - npcRow) + Math.abs(heroCol - npcCol) == 1;
    }

    String[] elderLines() {
        if (!questActive)      return new String[]{
            "Elder: Aria... the Dragon stirs in the north-east.",
            "Elder: Slay 3 goblins to prove yourself, then seek me again." };
        if (goblinsSlain < 3)  return new String[]{
            "Elder: The goblins still roam. " + goblinsSlain + " of 3 felled." };
        return new String[]{
            "Elder: You are ready. Take this Dragon Key.",
            "Elder: The gate in the north-east awaits. Good luck, hero." };
    }

    void tryMove(int dr, int dc) {
        int r = heroRow + dr, c = heroCol + dc;
        if (!walkable(r, c)) return;

        if (map[r][c] == 5) { hero.useItem("Dragon Key"); map[r][c] = 0; battleLog = "The gate grinds open..."; }
        heroRow = r; heroCol = c;

        if (map[r][c] == 3) { hero.pickUp(new Item("Potion", "potion", 12)); hero.addGold(25); map[r][c] = 0; }

        if (map[r][c] == 6) {                    // stepped into the lair
            foe = Monster.create("dragon"); isDragon = true; defending = false;
            battleLog = "The Dragon roars!"; state = "BATTLE"; return;
        }

        // random encounter on grass
        if (map[r][c] == 0) {
            if (safeSteps > 0) safeSteps--;
            else if (Math.random() < 0.18) {
                double roll = Math.random();
                String type = roll < 0.55 ? "slime" : (roll < 0.85 ? "wolf" : "goblin");
                foe = Monster.create(type); isDragon = false; defending = false;
                battleLog = "A wild " + foe.name + " appears!";
                state = "BATTLE";
            }
        }
    }

    void doBattle(char a) {
        boolean acted = true;
        if (a == 'a') {
            int dmg = hero.getAttack();
            foe.takeDamage(dmg);
            battleLog = hero.getName() + " hits " + foe.name + " for " + dmg + "!";
        } else if (a == 'd') {
            defending = true;
            battleLog = hero.getName() + " braces for the blow.";
        } else if (a == 'p') {
            battleLog = hero.useItem("Potion") ? "Aria drinks a Potion!" : "No potions left!";
        } else if (a == 'f') {
            if (isDragon) { battleLog = "The Dragon blocks your escape!"; }
            else { state = "EXPLORE"; safeSteps = 6; battleLog = "You fled to safety."; return; }
        } else { acted = false; }
        if (!acted) return;

        if (!foe.isAlive()) {                    // monster defeated
            hero.gainXp(foe.xpReward);
            hero.addGold(foe.goldReward);
            if (isDragon) { state = "WIN"; return; }
            if (questActive && foe.name.equals("Goblin")) goblinsSlain++;
            state = "EXPLORE"; safeSteps = 4;
            return;
        }

        int dmg = foe.attack;                    // monster retaliates
        if (defending) { dmg = dmg / 2; defending = false; }
        hero.takeDamage(dmg);
        battleLog += "  " + foe.name + " hits back for " + dmg + "!";
        if (!hero.isAlive()) state = "GAME_OVER";
    }

    void restart() {
        // rebuild everything for a fresh run
        map[1][15] = 3; map[6][8] = 3; map[11][14] = 5; map[12][15] = 6;
        hero = new Hero("Aria");
        heroRow = 1; heroCol = 1; state = "EXPLORE"; safeSteps = 3;
        questActive = false; keyGranted = false; goblinsSlain = 0; dialogueLine = 0;
        battleLog = "";
    }

    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int k = e.getKeyCode();
        char ch = Character.toLowerCase(e.getKeyChar());

        if (state.equals("WIN") || state.equals("GAME_OVER")) {
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_R) { restart(); repaint(); }
            return;
        }
        if (state.equals("DIALOGUE")) {
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_E || k == KeyEvent.VK_ENTER) {
                dialogueLine++;
                String[] lines = elderLines();
                if (dialogueLine >= lines.length) {
                    if (!questActive) questActive = true;
                    else if (goblinsSlain >= 3 && !keyGranted) {
                        hero.pickUp(new Item("Dragon Key", "key", 0));
                        keyGranted = true;
                    }
                    state = "EXPLORE";
                }
            }
            repaint(); return;
        }
        if (state.equals("BATTLE")) {
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_A) doBattle('a');
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_D) doBattle('d');
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_P) doBattle('p');
            if (k == KeyEvent.VK_F) doBattle('f');
            repaint(); return;
        }
        // EXPLORE
        if (ch == 'e' && nextToNpc()) { state = "DIALOGUE"; dialogueLine = 0; repaint(); return; }
        if (k == KeyEvent.VK_UP)    tryMove(-1, 0);
        if (k == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN)  tryMove(1, 0);
        if (k == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT)  tryMove(0, -1);
        if (k == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT) tryMove(0, 1);
        repaint();
    }
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {}
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {}

    void drawBar(Graphics g, int x, int y, int val, int max) {
        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.fillRect(x, y, 120, 14);
        g.setColor(new Color(6, 214, 160));
        g.fillRect(x, y, Math.max(0, 120 * val / max), 14);
    }

    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 18));

        if (state.equals("BATTLE")) {
            g.setColor(new Color(20, 12, 28));
            g.fillRect(0, 0, 700, 560);
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 22));
            g.drawString(hero.getName(), 60, 380);
            g.drawString(foe.name, 470, 140);
            drawBar(g, 60, 392, hero.getHp(), hero.getMaxHp());
            drawBar(g, 470, 152, foe.hp, foe.maxHp);
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 18));
            g.drawString(battleLog, 60, 280);
            g.drawString("[A]ttack   [D]efend   [P]otion   [F]lee", 60, 500);
            return;
        }

        if (state.equals("DIALOGUE")) {
            drawWorld(g);
            g.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 200));
            g.fillRect(40, 420, 620, 110);
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            String[] lines = elderLines();
            g.drawString(lines[Math.min(dialogueLine, lines.length - 1)], 60, 470);
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 14));
            g.drawString("Press E to continue", 60, 510);
            return;
        }

        drawWorld(g);

        if (state.equals("WIN") || state.equals("GAME_OVER")) {
            g.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 190));
            g.fillRect(0, 0, 700, 560);
            g.setColor(state.equals("WIN") ? new Color(255, 209, 102) : new Color(248, 113, 113));
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 46));
            g.drawString(state.equals("WIN") ? "THE REALM IS SAVED!" : "YOU HAVE FALLEN", 90, 270);
            g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.PLAIN, 18));
            g.drawString("Press R to play again", 260, 310);
        }
    }

    void drawWorld(Graphics g) {
        for (int r = 0; r < map.length; r++)
            for (int c = 0; c < map[0].length; c++) {
                switch (map[r][c]) {
                    case 0 -> g.setColor(new Color(52, 120, 62));
                    case 1 -> g.setColor(new Color(90, 90, 100));
                    case 2 -> g.setColor(new Color(50, 90, 180));
                    case 3 -> g.setColor(new Color(212, 175, 55));
                    case 4 -> g.setColor(new Color(167, 139, 250));
                    case 5 -> g.setColor(new Color(120, 80, 40));
                    case 6 -> g.setColor(new Color(180, 40, 40));
                }
                g.fillRect(c * TILE, r * TILE, TILE, TILE);
            }
        // hero
        g.setColor(new Color(230, 70, 60));
        g.fillRect(heroCol * TILE + 6, heroRow * TILE + 6, TILE - 12, TILE - 12);

        // HUD strip
        g.setColor(new Color(0, 0, 0, 170));
        g.fillRect(0, 0, 700, 34);
        drawBar(g, 90, 10, hero.getHp(), hero.getMaxHp());
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("Arial", Font.BOLD, 16));
        g.drawString(hero.getName(), 12, 24);
        g.drawString("Lv" + hero.getLevel() + "  Gold " + hero.getGold()
                + "  Goblins " + goblinsSlain + "/3", 230, 24);
    }
}

🎉🏆🎮✨🎉

Workshop Complete!

Turn-based combat, XP and level-ups, the beating heart of every RPG, built by you. Part 3 finishes the quest with bosses and the final goal!

Total XP

Level

Best Streak

Accuracy

▶ Part 3: Quests & The Boss →
⭐ View My Progress & Certificates

This workshop was free and took many hours to build. If it helped you learn something new, consider supporting the project.

☕ Support on Ko-fi

RPG QuestPart 2: Monsters & Combat

RPG Quest
Part 2: Monsters & Combat